Toggl offers offers online time tracking and reporting services through a web interface and mobile and desktop applications.

When it was released in 2013, Amazon Redshift was the first cloud data warehouse. It uses defined schemas, columnar data storage, and massively parallel processing (MPP) architecture to provide a base for analytics reporting.

Toggl has a couple of APIs that developers can use to interact with the platform. The Reports API lets you get information out. For example, to retrieve a summary report, you could call GET "https://toggl.com/reports/api/v2/summary?workspace_id=123&since=2018-12-19&until=2018-12-20&user_agent=api_test".

Here's an example of the kind of response you might see from a query like the one above.

{
    "total_grand":36004000,
    "total_billable":14400000,
    "total_currencies":[{"currency":"EUR","amount":40}],
    "data": [
      {
        "id":73569,
        "title":{"project":"Toggl Desktop","client":"Toggl"},
        "time":14400000,
        "total_currencies":[{"currency":"EUR","amount":40}],
        "items":[
          {
            "title":{"time_entry":"Implementing some important things"},
            "time":14400000,
            "cur":"EUR",
            "sum":40,
            "rate":10
          }
        ]
      },{
        "id":193009951,
        "title":{"project":"Toggl Development","client":null},
        "time":14400000,
        "total_currencies":[{"currency":"EUR","amount":0}],
        "items":[
          {
            "title":{"time_entry":"Hard work"},
            "time":14400000,
            "cur":"EUR",
            "sum":0,
            "rate":50
          }
        ]
      },{
        "id":null,
        "title":{"project":null,"client":null},
        "time":7204000,
        "total_currencies":[],
        "items":[
          {
            "title":{"time_entry":"No title yet"},
            "time":1000,
            "cur":"EUR",
            "sum":0,
            "rate":50
          },{
            "title":{"time_entry":"Did nothing"},
            "time":1000,
            "cur":"EUR",
            "sum":0,
            "rate":50
          },{
            "title":{"time_entry":"Hard work again"},
            "time":7202000,
            "cur":"EUR",
            "sum":0,
            "rate":50
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }

If you don't already have a data structure in which to store the data you retrieve, you'll have to create a schema for your data tables. Then, for each value in the response, you'll need to identify a predefined datatype (INTEGER, DATETIME, etc.) and build a table that can receive them. Toggl's documentation should tell you what fields are provided by each endpoint, along with their corresponding datatypes.

Complicating things is the fact that the records retrieved from the source may not always be "flat" – some of the objects may actually be lists. In these cases you'll likely have to create additional tables to capture the unpredictable cardinality in each record.

Once you have identified all of the columns you will want to insert, you can use the CREATE TABLE statement in Redshift to create a table that can receive all of this data.

With a table built, it may seem like the easiest way to migrate your data (especially if there isn't much of it) is to build INSERT statements to add data to your Redshift table row by row. If you have any experience with SQL, this will be your gut reaction. But beware! Redshift isn't optimized for inserting data one row at a time. If you have a high volume of data to be inserted, you would be better off loading the data into Amazon S3 and then using the COPY command to load it into Redshift.

At this point you've coded up a script or written a program to get the data you want and successfully moved it into your data warehouse. But how will you load new or updated data? It's not a good idea to replicate all of your data each time you have updated records. That process would be painfully slow and resource-intensive.

The key is to build your script in such a way that it can identify incremental updates to your data, using datetime request parameters like since and until to identify records that are new since your last update (or since the newest record you've copied). Once you've take new data into account, you can set your script up as a cron job or continuous loop to keep pulling down new data as it appears.

Redshift is great, but sometimes you need to optimize for different things when you're choosing a data warehouse. Some folks choose to go with Google BigQuery, PostgreSQL, Snowflake, or Microsoft Azure SQL Data Warehouse, which are RDBMSes that use similar SQL syntax, or Panoply, which works with Redshift instances. Others choose a data lake, like Amazon S3 or Delta Lake on Databricks. If you're interested in seeing the relevant steps for loading data into one of these platforms, check out To BigQuery, To Postgres, To Snowflake, To Panoply, To Azure Synapse Analytics, To S3, and To Delta Lake.